Key Terms for International Affairs and Public Service Sector

Any work or activity performed for the benefit of the general U.S. public, typically carried out by government agencies or employees (at the local, state or federal level) or nonprofit organizations.

Activities, programs, or initiatives at the international level, typically carried out by government agencies or employees (at the local, state or federal level) or nonprofit organizations., to promote the common good of all humanity, rather than serving a single nation or group.

A public institution established by the people to protect and serve the nation’s citizens, uphold justice, and advance the common good. Government exists to ensure the safety, dignity, and opportunity of all by managing shared resources responsibly, safeguarding individual rights, and fostering collaboration across communities and nations. In a democracy, its legitimacy derives from the consent of the governed, and its highest duty is to work for the public good through integrity, accountability, and service.

The systems, principles, and processes through which decisions are made, authority is exercised, and accountability is maintained in organizations or societies. Effective governance ensures that power is used responsibly and transparently in pursuit of the public good. It balances leadership with oversight, participation with efficiency, and vision with integrity—creating structures that uphold trust, fairness, and long-term sustainability.

An area of government activity concerned with a nation’s external relations, including diplomacy, trade, security, and cooperation with other states and international government bodies. In essence, foreign affairs is about how a country engages with the rest of the world, balancing national interests with global responsibilities.

The political, economic, social, and cultural relations between countries and other global entities, focusing on issues that cross national borders and affect the international community. Broader than foreign affairs, international affairs includes not only government-to-government relations but also roles of international organizations, NGOs, multinational corporations, and global civic society.

A global force for diplomacy that represents the American people and advances U.S. interests abroad. From negotiating peace to managing international programs, Foreign Service employees serve on the front lines of policy and engagement, working in over 270 embassies, consulates, and missions around the world.

The condition in which justice, safety, and mutual respect allows individuals, communities, and nations to thrive. It is not only the absence of conflict, but the active presence of equity, dignity, and cooperation that sustains a secure and hopeful future.

The ability of individuals and communities to live with dignity, make choices without coercion, and participate fully in society. It is sustained not only by rights and autonomy, but by justice, opportunity, and the responsibility we share to uphold one another’s humanity.

The action of advancing and protecting the principles of liberty and democratic governance.